Beneath the streets of the City of Light lies a world draped in darkness and shrouded in silence. The tunnels are narrow, the ceilings are low and death is on display.
The skulls and bones lining the walls, arranged in a macabre fashion, make up what is known as the Empire of the Dead -- the Catacombs of Paris.
The catacombs snake below the city, a 321-kilometer (200-mile) network of old quarries, caves and tunnels.
Some Parisians are drawn to this largely uncharted territory -- a hidden network of adventure, discovery and even relaxation. They are known as 'cataphiles' and the catacombs are their playground.
Empire of the Dead: Part 1
Empire of the Dead: Part 2
Empire of the Dead: Part 3
It is a top-secret group. Catacomb entrances are known only to those daring enough to roam the networks on their own -- and break the law.
Entering unauthorized sections of the catacombs is illegal and a police force is tasked with patrolling the tunnels, and caught cataphiles risk fines of up to 60 euros ($73).
But for explorers like Loic Antoine-Gambeaud and his friends, it is a risk they are willing to take.
"I think it's in the collective imagination. Everybody knows that there is something below Paris; that something goes on that's mysterious. But I don't think many people have even an idea of what the underground is like," Antoine-Gambeaud said.
For those who want to find out, but are not willing to take the risk of going in unsupervised, there is a legal, tourist-friendly public entrance to the catacombs off Place Denfert-Rochereau. Visitors from around the world will queue up to see death on display.
"I think people are fascinated with death," one visitor said. "They don't know what it's about and you see all these bones stacked up, and the people that have come before us, and it's fascinating.
We're trying to find our past and it's crazy and gruesome and fun all at the same time."
But experiencing the history of Paris in an orderly fashion is not the cataphiles' style.
Underground, there are plaques echoing the street names above etched into the walls, helping the cataphiles navigate.
Often equipped only with head lamps and homemade maps, they explore the tunnels and ancient rooms, sometimes staying underground for days at a time.
They throw parties, drink wine, or just relax in a silence they say can't be experienced anywhere else.
The catacombs are a by-product of Paris' early development. Builders dug deep underground to extract limestone to build Paris above ground.
But the subterranean quarries that were formed proved to be a shaky foundation for the city, causing a number of streets to collapse and be swallowed up by the ground.
